Calculating-machine.



' PATENTED N'OV. 24, 1903.

A. R. BOYNTON.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 6, 1902.

16 SHEETS-SHEB1LL N0 MODEL.

1510. 745,144. PATENTED NOV. 24, 1903.

, A. R. BOYNTON. CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 6, 1902.

M 4. 4 m www WW, QQMJ. mm 1 m 1 m 5. T] u 1;, 1 w l. 1 WW W; 44 W 4. :12 w 4 4.1:: i 3 $4 m a QR No. 745,144. I PATENTED NOV. 24, 1903. A.-R. BOYNTON.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

H0 MODEL. APPLIUATION FILED KAY 1902' 16 SHEETS-SHEET a.

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No. 745,144. PATENTED NOV. 24, 1903.

A. R. BOYNTON.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

1Q [ODEL APPLIOATION FILED MAY 6, 1902. 1B SHBET5 8EEBT 4.

' ATTORNEYS PATENTED NOV. 24, 1903.

A. R. BOYNTONF CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 6. 1902.

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N0 MODEL.

INYENTOR BY A PATENTED NOV. 24, 1903.

A. R. BOYNTON.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 6. 1902.

16 SHEETS-SEEET 6.

N0 MODEL.

No. 745,144. PATBNTED' NOV. 24, 1903.

A. R. BOYNTON. CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLIGATION FILED MAY 6, 1902. N0 MODEL.

16 SHEETSSHEET 8.

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PATENTED NOV. 24, 1908.

A. R. BOYNTON.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 6, 1902.

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A. R. BOYNTON.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 1 1902- 16 SHEETSSHEET 10.

N0 MODEL.

\NVENTOR Q Q WWW ATTORNEYS PATENTED NOV. 24, 1903.

' A. R. BOYNTON.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 6, 19024 16 SHEETSSHEET 11.

1V0 MODEL.

@Nx A INVENTOR BY ATTORNEY 5 PATENTED NOV. 24, 1903.

A. R. BOYNTON.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 6, 1902.

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PATENTED NOV. 24; 1903.

A. R. BOYNTON. CALCULATING MACHINE.

AIPLICIATION FILED MAY 6, 1902.

16 SHEETS-SHEET 13.

N0 MODEL.

PATENTED NOV. 24, 1903.

A. R. BOYNTON.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 6, 1902.

16 SHEETS-SHEET 14.

no MODEL.

l6 SHEETS-SHEET 15.

No. 745,144. PATENTED NOV. 24, 1903- A. R. BOYNTON.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLIUATIOR FILED MAY 6, 1902 N0 IODEL.

INVENTOR kval K. 5g;

IYHTJRNEYfi PATENTED NOV. 24, 1903.

A. R. BOYNTON.

CALCULATING MAGHINE.

APPLIUATIOR FILED MAY 6, 1902.'

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ATTiEYS ivb. 745,144.

UNITED STATES Patented November 24, 190? PATENT ALONZO R. BOYNTON, OF BINGHAMTON, NElV YORK, ASSIGNOR TO BUNDY MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEWV YORK.

CALCULATING-MAGHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 745,144, dated November 24, 1903.

Application filed May 6, 1902. Serial No. 106,169. (No model.)

To all whont it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALONZO R. BOYNTON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Binghamton, county of Broome, and State 5 of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Calculating Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to adding-machines l and to machines for bringing suitable characters upon a printing, reading, or adding line.

It has for its object to improve and simplify such machines, to make them more cerl tain and accurate in operation,and, generally,

to improve the construction and mode of operation of such machines; also, to provide means for hiding all the keys of series when one key is operated and to more effectually 2o protect the keys and the parts immediately connected with them; also, to prevent any operation of the machine unless one or more keys are struck; also, to provide improved means for driving such machines; also, to make the .25 action of the main shaft of the machine steadier and less likely to vibrate or wabble; also, to provide an improved means for nesting the type-wheels together, so as to provide ample room for the keys and connecting parts and 50 yet cause the printing and adding type to be compact and close together; also, toimprove means for resetting the addingwheels to make such devices more truly automatic and capable of being thrown into operation to reset the total-adding wheels and to be thrust out by a single act of the operator; also, to aline the total-adding wheels to improve the printing of the totals; also, to provide individual hammers for the diiferent orders or numbers or other characters and simple and efficient means for placing them in set position ready for operation andimproved means for operating them; also, to provide simple and efficient means for printing the totals 5 and means that can bereadily operated; also, to provide means for printing suitable words alongside of the numbers that are set up in the printing or adding line and to print such numbers; also, to provide means for causing the triggers for the hammers of all lower orders to he set up when a key of a higher order is struck.

My improvement is shown in the drawings accompanying this specification and forming a part hereof in connection with a printing and adding machine adapted for bringing numbers mounted upon suitable type-wheels upon a printing or reading line and in connection therewith for adding the numbers from time to time set up upon the machine. It can be used, however, in part at least, in machines in which other characters than numbers are used and in which the characters are set up either for printing or reading purposes or for adding purposes or for all of these purposes.

In the drawings I have shown and will now proceed to describe a machine embodying my invention in its preferred form.

Referring now to the specific embodiment of my invention shown in the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of such a machine with part of the casing removed. Fig. 2 is a horizontal View, partly in section, through the hammer-sleeves. Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section taken on the lines A A of Fig. 13 viewed as shown by the arrow. Fig. at is a vertical longitudinal section taken on the lines B B of Fig. 18. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of parts of the machine. Fig. 6 is a detail of the ink-ribbon-feeding device. Fig.

7 is a vertical cross-section taken on the lines O O of Fig. 13. Figs. 8 and 9 are details of the wheels mounted on sleeve 5. Fig. 10 is a vertical cross-section taken through the sleeves of the type-wheels on the lines E E of Fig. 3. Fig. ll is a detail of the stop mechanism. Fig. 12 is a vertical cross-section taken on the lines D D of Fig. 13. Fig. 13 is a plan of the machine with the carriage and keys and connecting parts removed. Figs. 14: to 19, inclusive, are details of the keys and screens and their connecting parts, Fig. 17 being a detail taken on the lines F F of Fig. 14. Fig. 20 is a side elevation of certain of 5 the parts of the machine. Figs. 21 to 2& are details of the adding-wheels and the resetting devices. Fig. 25 is a detail of the ink-ribbon feeding mechanism. Fig. 26 is a detail of the hammer-triggers. Fig. 27 is a diagrammatic roo view illustrative of the general operation of the machine. Fig. 28 is a vertical section through the sleeves which operate the hammer-triggers. Figs. 29 and 30 are modifications showing means for driving the machine by foot-power. Figs. 31 and 32 show amodification of the hammer-triggers. Fig. 33 is a detail of the release-key and its connecting mechanism.

Before proceeding to describe in detail the embodiment of my invention shown in the drawings I will for the purpose of clearness first briefly describe the work done by that machine, referring in this connection more particularly to Figs. 1, 2, 3,7, 13, 14, 15, and 27. My said machine shown in the drawings is provided with keys 1, arranged in series, preferably a bank of keys consisting of a plurality of series of keys arranged in the usual way, the two series at the right hand of Fig. 2 representing cents and those to the left representing dollars. The machine is operated by depressing the keys corresponding to the number it is desired to set up on the readingorprintingline or to add, and by turning a crank 2 (shown in Fig. 1) one complete revolution the rest of the work is doneautomatically by the machine. pressed islocked in its set position, and as it is thus operated it causes a screen 3 to be moved over everyother key of its series,thus preventing the striking of any other key of that series and enabling the operator when it has set up a number to see at a glance whether it is correct or not. The means by which these various steps are effected will be described later on in detail. As each key is moved into its set position the lower end of its shaft is depressed into a path of a projection 4 from one of a set of wheels arranged upon a sleeve 5, secured to a shaft 6, upon which shaft crank-wheel 2 is mounted and by which it and sleeve 5 and the Wheels carried by it are rotated. One of these wheels carrying projection 4 is shown at '7, Fig. 27. As many wheels 7 are provided upon a sleeve 5 as there are series of keys. Each wheel is com posed in the form shown in the drawings of two partsone part 8, which is fast to sleeve 5, and the part 7, which is loosely mounted upon said sleeve. WVhen shaft 6 rotates as crank 2 is turned, the fast parts 8 of these wheels cause the loose parts 7 to rotate. This is done by means of a detachable lock, presently to be described, which at times connects parts 8 and 7 together and which at other times frees them. Normally the lock connects parts 7 and 8 together. As shaft 6 rotates, projecting portion 4 of the loose part 7 of the wheel strikes against the stop by the inner end of the depressed key of the corresponding series. This causes the detachable lock-connecting parts 7 and S to free these parts, disconnecting them from each other and permitting part 8 to rotate onward with is held against the stop of the key. Of course Each key as it is dethe distance traversed by wheel 7 before it comes to stop depends upon which one of the series is depressed, key 9, for example, allowing a further rotation than any lower key. Teeth 9 upon a segment of wheel 7 mesh with teeth 10 upon a segment of typewheel 11, the latter carrying type 12, adapted to be brought upon a printing-line imme diately below hammers 13 as type-wheel 11 is rotated. One type-wheel 11 is provided for each series of the keys. The particular type upon a type-Wheel brought upon the print-- ing-line at any time will of course be dependent upon the particular key depressed in the corresponding series of keys. The typewheels 11 are held in set position by a series of spring-pressed pawls 1a upon a shaft 15. A strip of paper 16 is passed below hammers l3 and above the type 12, upon which at the proper time the numbers are printed. By depressing one of these keys and turning crank 2 a number composed of the digits corresponding with those of the depressed keys will be brought upon the printing-line and will be printed upon the paper.

As the paper is fed forward immediately afterthe printing is effected, the number printed comes into a position where it can be seen by the operator, and any error can at once be detected. At the same time and by the same operation the number thus set up will be added to the total-adding wheels 17. There is of course one of these wheels for each series of keys and in addition thereto one or two or three extra ones in the totals. In the drawings I have shown one extra addingwheel. The motion is transmitted fro m typewheels 11 through teeth 18 to the total'adding wheels through a series of reciprocating toothed segments 19 and transferring addingwheels 20 21 22 and gear 23 on the shaft- 2-1 of the total-adding wheels, suitable pawls being employed to prevent backward rotation of the parts and suitable mechanism for carrying from one to the next higher wheel. In this way each number that is set up upon the printiug.or reading line is also added to the numbers on the adding-line or the type-line of the adding-wheels 17. A printed impression of this total may be obtained at any time, as will be presently described. In the course of rotating crank 2 the impression mechanism of the 11 n mberset up is automatically actuated, and the paper and ink-ribbon used in the printing are automatically fed forward, and then the type-wheels and the wheels upon the sleeve of the main shaft, the sleeve itself, and the keys are all released and returned to their normal positions. All of these operations are performed by a rotation of crank 2 in one direction only and in a complete rotation of the crank. I also provide suitable mechanism for resetting the total adding wheels at any desired time, as will hereinafter be described.

I will now proceed to describe more in detail each of the parts and operations referred to above in a general way and also to certain other features of my improvements not hereinbefore specifically alluded to.

fhe keys and their connecting mechanism. These are illustrated in Figs. 3, 14 to 19. I prefer to arrange the keys so that they are seen and will be struck through openings or apertures in a protecting covering or casing. At shown, 207 is a protecting plate or covering extending over the bank of keys and provided with openings or apertures 208, through which the keys can be seen and struck. I also preferably provide a series of screens 3, one for each key, and so arrange them that whenever a key of the series is struck the screens for all of the other keys will be moved over those keys; but the screen of the key which is strnckwill not be moved into screening position, so that the only key of the series that willappearis the one that hasbeen struck. In this way after setting up any number upon the bank of keys the operator can tell at a glance whether he hasset up the right nu mber. He is also prevented from striking two keys of a series. For this purpose I provide a common actuating part adapted to be moved by each key of the series as it is depressed and connect such common actuating part with all of the screens of the series to move them into and out of their positions over the keys. I also provide a stop which is thrown into position when a key is operated to prevent its particular screen from being moved. In order to accomplish this and yet to move the other screens, the common actuating part is connected with each screen by a flexible or elastic connection which will be sufficient to impart motion from the common actuating part to the screen to move it, except when a positive stop is thrown by a particular key into the path of movement of its screen. Many different devices may of course be used for these purposes. The particular form of devices shown in the drawings consists of the following: The stem of each key is provided with a horizontal stud carrying a roller 97, resting upon a bar 98, which runs across under all of the keys of its series, as has been already described. As bar 98 is swung to the right, as shown in Fig. 14, as a key is depressed, it strikes against the pin 210, which projects from the side of the arm 211, fast on rock-shaft 212, as shown in Fig. 17. This rock-shaft carries another arm, 213, which is also provided with a pin 214, projecting from its side and entering a recess in bar 215, (shown also in Fig. 14,) which stretches the length of the series of keys. Bar 215 is moved to the right as viewed in Fig. 14 as a key is depressed. This bar is provided with aseries of pins 216, each one of which engages with a rocking piece 217, loosely mounted upon the stud 218, carrying at its head a screen 3. Booking piece 217 is flexibly or elastically connected with screen 3 or its stem 218 by means of a spring 219, which is secured at its lower end to piece 217 and at its upper end to a collar 220, fast on stem 218. As the key is depressed, piece 217 is rocked on the stem 218 and through spring 219 swings screen 3 over its key. This takes place with every screen of the series except that of the key which is depressed. To prevent this operation in the latter case, I provide a stop 221, mounted on the stem of the key, which immediately upon the starting downward of the key is thrown into engagement with a stop 222, fast upon stem 218, preventing rota tion of the stem and its screen 2. It will of course be understood that each series of keys is provided with similar apparatus.

In order to prevent any setting up of any number on the printing-line or in adding unless a key is depressed, I provide a series of stops 223, one for each series of keys. These are shown at the left in Fig. 14 in their depressed or stop positions. Should the crank be rotated, the projections 4 from the wheels 7 would be held by these stops 223 in the position shown in Fig. 27 before type-wheels 11 had begun to move. If there were nov such stops provided and the operator should move the crank-arm without first depressing a key, numbers 9 would be set up on the printingline and would be added. The depression of the key automatically withdraws stop 223 of the series from its operative position. As shown, this is done in the following way: The stem of each key of the series has a pin 224 projecting from the side of the stem and normally directly over an inclined slot 225 in a locking-bar 226, which also runs across the machine, as shown in Fig. 14. When a key is depressed, pin 224 forces bar 226 to the left. This moves all of the other slots from under their respective pins 224 and locks every other key of the series in position. It also throws upward and to the left a bell-crank 227, pivoted in the framework at 228 and secured by one arm to the bar 226 and by the other arm to stop 223 by means of a pin and slot, as shown in Fig. 14. When the keys are returned to their normal position, locking-bar 226 is moved to the right, throwing stop 223 down to its operative position.

The main shaft, its sleeve and wheels, and connecting parts.-'lhese are illustrated especially in Figs. 1,3, 5, 7, 8,13, and 27. Crankwheel 2 is securely mounted upon main driving-shaft 6, which runs clear across the machine, as shown in Fig. 7, and upon it is mounted sleeve 5, which carries the wheels- 7 and 8. Vheel 2 on shaft 6 is always rotated in the same direction. Sleeve 5 is arranged to have a reciprocating motion upon shaft 6 moving in one direction with its wheels to bring the desired characters upon the printing-line and in the other direction at the close of the entire operation, and when crank-wheel 2 has substantially reached the end of a complete revolution. The shaft and sleeve are connected together by a detachable lock, which is adapted in one position to lock them together to move the sleeve in one direction as the crank is rotated and in the other direction to unlock them to permit the sleeve to return to its normal position by means of springs, as shown. The detachable locks and their connections are as follows: Fixedly mounted upon shaft 6 is a disk 25, and similarly mounted upon sleeve 5 is a disk 26. Disk 25 has pivoted to it a locking lever or piece 296, (see Figs. 5 and 11,) having a lug 300, which projects sidewise from lookinglever 296 and over a cut-away portion of disk 26, forming a shoulder 301. (Shown in Fig. 11.) In this normal position of the parts motion is transmitted from shaft 6 and disk 25 through locking-piece 296 and lug 300 and shoulder 301 to disk 26 and sleeve 5 and to the wheels thereon to be presently described. When crank 2 has nearly made a full revolution and the printing or adding has been completed, the end of locking-piece 296 passes over a cam 299, secured to the framework of the machine, and is pressed upward, lifting the lug out of engagement with the shoulder. Sleeve 5 is then free to return to its original position and is moved backward through its parts in the manner presently to be described.

By means of the above-described construction crank 2 can be rotated in the same way at all times, and the reciprocating rocking motion necessary to permit type-setting can still be obtained. By making shaft 6 long and running it across the machine and by making the parts carrying the wheels in the form of a sleeve mounted upon it I am enabled to give a long bearing-surface to both parts, thus insuring a steady regular action of the parts, free from wabbling or irregularity or jerking, and I am also enabled to make the parts strong and durable and increase the efficiency of the connection between them. Both the crank-wheel and its shaft and the sleeve run true and regular and are free from any irregular sidewise Wabbling motion.

Backward rotation of shaft 6 is prevented by means of a pawl and ratchet in the usual way. Upon the sleeve are mounted a number of wheels, one for each series of keys, to transfer the motion of the shaft to the typewheels, bringing the proper characters upon the reading oradding line. These wheels are composed of two partsone part, 8, fixedly connected to sleeve 5 and the other part, 7, mounted loosely thereon. I provide a detachable lock which is adapted to connect the two parts together to cause the fast part to rotate the loose part a certain distance, whereupon the lock is operated automatically to disconnect them to permit the loose part to stop while the fast part rotates onward with the shaft. As shown in Fig. 9, this detachable look consists of a swinging piece 35, pivoted to loose part 7 of the wheel and normally held by a spring 36 in the position shown in Fig. 27. Swinging piece 35 has a projecting knob 4:, adapted to strike the lower part of the stem or shaft of the key when depressed, and it has also a lug 37,

adapted normally to lie over a shoulder 38 on the fast part 8 of the wheel. In this position of the shoulder and lug the fast part will rotate the loose part as the main shaft is rotated until the knob 4 strikes against a stop formed by the inner end of a key. This tips piece 35, throwing lug 37 out of engagement with shoulder 38, whereupon fast part 8 of the wheel is rotated by the shaft and the crank farther on. The distance that the loose part of the shaft rotates is of course dependent upon which one of its series of keys is depressed. Through the teeth 9 of its segment meshing with teeth 10 on typewheel 11 the type-wheel is rotated a similar distance, bringing that one of type 12 upon the printing-line which corresponds with the number of the key which has been depressed. In this way I provide a plurality of wheels arranged upon sleeve 5, the number of wheels corresponding with the number of series of keys, and each wheel is sufficiently independent of all the other wheels to be able to travel its own distance irrespective of that traveled by the other wheels, enabling each wheel to bring its printed number upon the proper line.

A spring 39 connects the fast and loose parts of each wheel togetherand insures that the loose part 7 will be held snugly with its knob at against the stem of the depressed key during the printing and adding operation. As is shown, spring 39 is arranged between the parts of the wheel.

hen sleeve 5 is released from its connection with shaft 6, it is returned to its original position by means of a series of springs 40, connecting with segments 19. These springs have been strained during the forward movements of the parts and at the close return segments 19, type-wheels 11, fast part of the wheel 8, and the sleeve all to their original position. In the backward movement of the fast part 8 shoulder 38 strikes against a rubber buffer 11, secured to the loose part 7 of the same wheel, carrying the loose part back to its original position.

In order to equalize the pressure upon the crank and shaft and sleeve throughout their rotation, the wheels and the segments of the type-wheels which mesh with the loose parts of the wheels are arranged in echelon, as shown in Fig. 3. By these means the work of rotating the different parts is distributed in equalparts throughout the rotation of the crank, and the work of returning the segments, type-wheels, sleeve, and its wheels is taken up in turn by each set of springs 40. The two springs 40 of each set are connected by a bell-crank 42, pivoted to 4.3, merely to insure a better spring action.

Type-wheels, theirlocking-pawls, and their releasing mechcmism.These devices are best illustrated in Figs. 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 13, and 27. After the type-wheels 11 have been moved into their set position they are held in that position by a series of pawls 14, one for each IIC 

